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#11Albanian by Klaus
AlbanianEnglish

Në Australi, jetojnë shumë marsupialë, si dhe kafshë të tjera.

"In Australia, there live many marsupials, as well as other animals."

/nə austra'li je'tojn ʃum maɾsupi'al si ðe kafʃ tə 'tjeɾa/

in Australia.INDEF.ACC.SING live.3P.PRS.IND many marsupial.INDEF.NOM.PL CONJ animal.INDEF.NOM.PL ADJ.ART other.IND.NOM.PL

LEXICON

  • Australi -feminine noun; Australia
  • dhe -conjunction; and
  • jetoj -intransitive verb; to live
  • kafshë -feminine noun; animal
  • marsupial -neuter noun; marsupial
  • në -preposition; in
  • shumë -determiner; a lot, many
  • si -conjunction; how
  • si dhe -conjunction; as well as
  • tjetër -determiner/adjective; other

GRAMMAR

Preferred word order is SVO, but free word order is fairly common.

Verbs in -oj are regular. They are inflected for person, number, as well as tense/aspect and mood.

PRESENT INDICATIVE

Sing.Plural
I person-oj-ojmë
II person-on-oni
III person-on-ojnë

Nouns inflect for case, definiteness, and number, and are divided into three classes called genders, namely masculine, feminine, and neuter. Then they are further subdivided into different paradigms, but that shall not trouble us here.

When preceded by a preposition, they are considered definite but aren't marked as so, unless they are followed by an adjective.

Feminine nouns ending in a stressed vowel

SINGULARPLURAL
INDEF.DEFIN.INDEF.DEFIN
Nominative--a--të
Accusative--në--të
Genitive-e-së-ve-ve
Dative-e-së-ve-ve
Ablative-e-së-sh-ve

Feminine nouns ending in -ë

SINGULARPLURAL
INDEF.DEFIN.INDEF.DEFIN
Nominative-ë-a-a-ët
Accusative-ë-ën-a-ët
Genitive-e-ës-ëve-ëve
Dative-e-ës-ëve-ëve
Ablative-e-ës-ësh-ëve

Neuter nouns

SINGULARPLURAL
INDEF.DEFIN.INDEF.DEFIN
Nominative--i-ë-ët
Accusative--in-ë-ët
Genitive-i-it-ëve-ëve
Dative-i-it-ëve-ëve
Ablative-i-it-ësh-ëve

Determiners precede a noun, but adjectives follow. 'tjetër' is a special case, since in singular it acts as a determiner, but in plural it turns into 'të tjerë' (masc.) or 'të tjera' (fem./neut.) and acts as an adjective.