Grammar

First off- I apologize for formatting- the arabic script and english on a web page together is a nightmare. Also, I may have made a few mistakes romanizing the script but I hope it’s readable. Persian generally writes out only long vowels and not short ones. Diglossia is also a thing in Farsi/Persian; I stuck to written (formal) persian for the text but I didn’t exactly transcribe the script according to library of congress standards (which like to keep obsolete things and is very tedious), I didn’t use true ‘finglish’ either because that follows spoken form but tried to do a mix of both to make your life less of a headache.

*Moving on, nouns are pluralized by adding ‘ -ha’ ها to the end or, if it is/was living, sometimes ‘-aan’ ان. Xaane > xaane-ha خانه ها خانه= home > homes

Persian uses this thing called the ezāfe اضافه construction to connect words. It’s used in three situations:

• Possession: to connect the possessed noun with its owner
• Adjectival phrases: to modify nouns
• Naming: to connect people and titles and places, days, and seasons and their names.

Whatever the case, the two words are connected using a short -e sound. The primary noun comes first and is followed by the word modifying it with the short -e connecting the two (or a -ye if the word ends in a vowel). I don’t think there’s any possession in the text but I’ll go over it because pronouns are:

• I : ‘man’ من
• You: ‘to’ تو
• He/she/it: ‘oo’ او
• We: ‘maa’ ما
• You plural/formal: ‘shoma’ شما
• They: ‘aanha’ آنها

So for possession it would be noun+ezafe (-e) and then the pronoun so altogether ‘doxtar-e man’ = my girl. The ezafe’s use is especially obvious with adjectives, such as ‘doxtar-e xoob’ = good girl. This can also be used between two nouns which would mean roughly ‘of the’ such as ‘doxtar-e aatash’ = fire’s daughter/daughter of the fire while ‘doxtar-e doxtarha’ would mean daughter (of all) daughters.

*Written Farsi mostly uses SOV or OSV form. Thus prepositions, and one postposition (ra), signify the d.o. /i.o./ locutave phrases etc. and the subject may be present by itself in the sentence (and the verb) or may be contained only within the verb ending

Dar در = example of a prepositional locative phrase - ‘dar xaane’ means it happened in the house

*ra را = is a direct object marker that follows after the noun but only used when the noun is specific (or specified) ‘man to ra mibinam’ lit. I you (d.o. marker) see(I) = I see you

*I think that all that’s left is the verb conjugation... persian verbs in their infinitive form end in ‘-an’ and a lot end in ‘-idan’. The past participle is contained within the infinitive such as ‘kardan’ (to do) past participle is ‘kard’, ‘didan’ > ‘did’. The present participle is less intuitive so I provided them above (kon- present stem of kardan)

Compound verbs are easy- only the second word gets conjugated while the first part is left entirely alone but always immediately preceding the conjugated part.

Persian is a language of prefixes and suffixes: ‘mi-’ is attached to the verb in the beginning to indicate a continuous/ongoing or habitual action- mostly used for the standard present (indicative) tense. (mikonam= I do, mikardam = i used to do)

‘be-’ or ‘bo-’ ب attaches to verbs indicating subjunctive or when stringing verbs together

Verb endings are as follows (1st 2nd 3rd person singular then plural...)

• -am م-
• -i ی-
• (-ad when present tense, nothing in past) د-
• -im یم-
• -id ید-
• -and ند-

So ‘they did’ would be ‘kardand (pp ‘kard’+-and) and she goes ‘mikonad’ (mi (habitual)-kon(present stem)-ad (she))

Lastly, you can attach pronoun endings on the very end of verbs with the following

• -(a)m م-
• -(a)t ت-
• -(a)sh ش-
• -(a)maan مان-
• -(a)taan تان-
• -(a)shaan شان-

These can be attached to the end of nouns (another possesive) or verbs that take a direct object like the following ‘mixaanandamaan’ = ‘they call on us’ or mixaanish ‘you call on him’. Hint: mostly used with didan.
The ‘a’ is in parenthesis because if you use the 2nd person sing. (informal) then you don’t say that.

**Budan (to be) is irregular because of course it is
Here’s the present tense conjugated

• Hastam هستم = I am
• Hasti هستی= you are
• Hast (ast) /هست /است = he/she/it is
• Hastim هستیم
• Hastid هستید
• Hastand هستند

Hast means ‘there is’ while ‘ast’ is just is

Also there is one verb in the text ‘raft-e-ast’ رفته است which is (3rd person) past perfect

I think that’s it! Goodluck!